If there's been a person immutable rule in the course of American television heritage, it's been neighborhood information. Nearly from The instant the station to start with signed on air, they began carrying neighborhood information where sports activities generally played a major position. An absence of dependable programming sources in these early a long time led quite a few stations to show to sports to fill their broadcasting schedules. Ny's WNBT television signed on to broadcast in July 1941, and its 1st broadcast was a professional baseball sport ("NBC Historical past", 2003). When acquiring local newscasts to fit their audience, these stations normally involved sporting activities and temperature. For example, in 1961 WKMG began its very first entire-time information Section in Orlando. Newscasts include things like Frank Vaught's sporting activities experiences ("The record of," 2003).
Sporting activities have held a dominant posture in local information broadcasting for quite a few years, but recent business trends have called into question this position. Segmented audiences, changing demographics, and declining information profitability have compelled the station to reexamine its community athletics section. “Sports activities is probably the previous areas of TV where by people today do points how they constantly have,” states television govt Elliott Wiser. “(Nowadays) a fresh tactic is necessary” (Deggans, 2000).
Dilemma for Area Television set Information
미국인들에게 뉴스의 주요 제공자로서 텔레비전의 패권을 위협하는 몇 가지 요인이 결합되었습니다. Challenge for Excellence in Journalism(2002)에서 수행한 연구에 따르면 텔레비전 뉴스 방송이 시청자를 잃고 있습니다. 1998년에는 방송국의 two/3가 지역 뉴스 방송 시청률이 감소했다고 보고했습니다. 2002년까지 그 수치는 seventy six%로 증가했습니다. 2001년 nine월 테러 이후에도 지역 뉴스 시청률은 7% 떨어졌다.
인터넷, 케이블 채널 및 가정용 위성과 같은 미디어 소스의 출현은 시청자에게 뉴스 대안을 제공했습니다. Radio and tv News Director’s Association(“Switching channels”, 1996)의 연구에 따르면, “대중의 상당 부분이 정기적으로 다른 다양한 소스에 귀를 기울입니다.”
점점 더 많은 방송국이 대형 미디어 회사에 의해 통제됨에 따라 지역 텔레비전 뉴스도 수익 지향적이 되었습니다. 예를 들어, 2002년 첫 몇 주 동안 세 개의 방송국 그룹은 자회사 방송국에서 지역 뉴스를 완전히 제거하기로 결정했습니다(Trigoboff, 2002). Tv set 뉴스 컨설턴트인 짐 윌리는 "대혁명이 일어날 것 같다"고 말했다. "같은 시장에서 동시에 4~five개의 뉴스 방송을 해야 합니까?" (Trigoboff, 2002).
Difficulty for Local Tv set Sports activities
None of the is Excellent news for the community television athletics sector, which can be increasingly underneath scrutiny from station execs. In spite of its common presence within regional newscasts, sports have prolonged been regarded as a "tuning" component. In accordance with a study from the Radio and tv Information Directors Basis, only 31% of viewers said they have been 'pretty interested' in athletics and 32% 스포츠중계 were 'considerably fascinated' ("Journalism and Ethics", 1998). This compares to 72% who expressed curiosity during the weather. "Sports activities are exceptionally polarizing." stated television news specialist Brent Magid. “The bulk can accept, depart, or despise” (Greppi, 2002).
Scientific tests have shown that Females are significantly fewer thinking about athletics than Adult men (Gantz and Wenner, 1991; Perse, 1992), and many stations have acted accordingly. In 2000, Tampa's WTSP dropped the sport from its early evening newscasts. As outlined by station information director Jim Church, "Telling a Tale when no one is listening isn't a superb utilization of air time" (Deggans, 2000).
Some stations have removed the Activity, while some have lessened their allotted time. Based on the day from the week (weekends have a lot more sports activities time), athletics segments have ordinarily gained concerning a few and 5 minutes of community information protection. Since variety is right down to a couple of minute. In 2002, Pittsburgh's KDKA Lower time for sports activities by just three along with a half minutes for 3 several hours of stories. Some others from the marketplace have executed new techniques, for instance athletics stories that concentrate more on people than scores or cater to the broader news audience. "What we are seeking to do now's deal with sports as news," suggests KDKA news director Al Blinke. “We want to do something further than athletics” (Finder, 2002).
Discussion
스포츠 부문에서 일어나고 있는 변화는 시간 할당보다 콘텐츠, 스타일 및 프레젠테이션과 더 관련이 있습니다. 아마도 시청자에게 모든 스포츠 네트워크와 대조되는 것을 제공하기 위한 노력의 일환으로, 지역 TV 스포츠는 지역 이야기, 운동 선수 및 이벤트에 더 초점을 맞추고 있으며 일반 스포츠 팬을 위해 보다 기능 지향적이고 시청자 친화적인 보도를 만들고 있습니다. 전형적인 반응은 Midwest의 뉴스 디렉터가 “우리는 스포츠가 비스포츠 팬들에게 흥미로웠으면 합니다. 여기서 스포츠는 뉴스이고 커뮤니티입니다. 많은 케이블 스포츠 채널이 제공하는 것과는 반대로 시청자에게 지역 정보를 제공하십시오. 우리만이 현지에 갈 수 있습니다. 그들은 할 수 없습니다.”
지역 텔레비전 스포츠의 미래에 대해 뉴스 감독들은 이 연구에 대해 지금과 가까운 미래의 두 가지 뚜렷한 시간 프레임을 제안하는 더 비관적이었고, 지역 텔레비전 스포츠는 안전해 보이지만 뉴스 감독들은 그것을 매우 짧은 기간에 묶었습니다. 한 뉴스 디렉터는 이렇게 말했습니다. 지금은 하기 싫지만 앞으로는 할 수 있을 것”이라고 말했다.
Implications
Variations in regional sports activities may be a mirrored image in the tremendous upheaval taking place during broadcast news. If your sports activities sector is now not Protected, How about other news elements? CBS Group Information Vice chairman Joel Cheatwood (Trigoboff, 2002) said, “[All this] forces us to reexamine the [news] design.”
On a far more quick amount, alterations within the community sports sector specifically have an effect on Many aspiring sportscasters. Stations which can be lessening their dedication to sporting activities can also be minimizing their sports workforce amounts, which impacts The work market. One more information director said, "[Sports activities on newscasts] is dying." “We went from two whole-time sportsmen to one total-time, just one in charge of the news 3 times each week, and it was a battle to stay there.”
Similarly vital, changes in the best way athletics are introduced are forcing sports broadcasters to find out new approaches. No more can sportscasters deal with scoring. They have to create the presentation a lot more participating for normal lovers. This is often also essential for journalism faculties across the country, which ought to doc what stations want during the sports sector and update their training curricula.
Will these changes function or persist? Sports activities journalist Chuck Finder (2002) commented within the modify in KDKA, “Allow’s reserve last judgment until finally September, once the Steelers, university, and high school football seasons begin in earnest. Then the station will be . There is an mistake in clock administration.”